See crusta on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"crusta",
"crusta#Latin"
],
[
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"crust#English"
]
],
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{
"args": {
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"2": "la",
"3": "crusta",
"4": "",
"5": "shell, crust, inlaid work"
},
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"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "crust"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of crust",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin crusta (“shell, crust, inlaid work”). Doublet of crust.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crustae",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "crusta lactea"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A crust or shell."
],
"id": "en-crusta-en-noun-izGvJSsI",
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"crust"
],
[
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"shell"
]
]
},
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{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
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],
"glosses": [
"A gem engraved, or a plate embossed in low relief, for inlaying a vase or other object."
],
"id": "en-crusta-en-noun-AvwSdYT0",
"links": [
[
"gem",
"gem"
],
[
"engrave",
"engrave"
],
[
"plate",
"plate"
],
[
"emboss",
"emboss"
],
[
"inlay",
"inlay"
],
[
"vase",
"vase"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɹʌstə/"
}
],
"word": "crusta"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crustas",
"tags": [
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}
],
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{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"ref": "1862, Jerry Thomas, How to Mix Drinks, Or The Bon-vivant's Companion, Dick & Fitzgerald, page 52:",
"text": "Crusta is made the same as a fancy cocktail, with a little lemon juice and a small lump of ice added.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A cocktail (typically of brandy, orange liqueur, bitters, and lemon juice and peel) distinguished by a sugared crust on the rim of the glass."
],
"id": "en-crusta-en-noun-x0TK6T6v",
"links": [
[
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"cocktail"
]
]
}
],
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}
],
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{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "crustārius"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "crustō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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{
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[
"*krews-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/krews-#Proto-Indo-European:_freeze"
],
[
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"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tós"
],
[
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"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/krews-"
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[
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[
"hruse",
"hruse#Old_English"
],
[
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"hrosa#Old_High_German"
],
[
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],
[
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"κρύος#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
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"κρύσταλλος#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀-",
"𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀-#Avestan"
],
[
"क्रुड्",
"क्रुड्#Sanskrit"
]
],
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"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *krews-\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *krustós\nProto-Italic *krustosder.\nLatin crusta\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*krustos\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*krustós\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"freeze\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*krews-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"crusta\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"crusta\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*krustos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *krustos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*krustós",
"t": "hardened"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *krustós (“hardened”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hroðr",
"3": "",
"4": "scurf"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hroðr (“scurf”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hruse",
"3": "",
"4": "earth"
},
"expansion": "Old English hruse (“earth”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "hrosa",
"3": "",
"4": "crust, ice"
},
"expansion": "Old High German hrosa (“crust, ice”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kruvesis",
"3": "",
"4": "frozen mud"
},
"expansion": "Latvian kruvesis (“frozen mud”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κρύος",
"3": "",
"4": "frost, icy cold"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κρύος (krúos, “frost, icy cold”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀-",
"t": "hard"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀- (xruzdra-, “hard”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "क्रुड्",
"3": "",
"4": "thicken, make hard"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit क्रुड् (kruḍ, “thicken, make hard”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *krews-\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *krustós\nProto-Italic *krustosder.\nLatin crusta\nFrom Proto-Italic *krustos, from Proto-Indo-European *krustós (“hardened”), from *krews- (“to form a crust, begin to freeze”), related to Old Norse hroðr (“scurf”), Old English hruse (“earth”), Old High German hrosa (“crust, ice”), Latvian kruvesis (“frozen mud”), Ancient Greek κρύος (krúos, “frost, icy cold”), κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “crystal, ice”), Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀- (xruzdra-, “hard”), Sanskrit क्रुड् (kruḍ, “thicken, make hard”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crustae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "crusta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crustae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crustae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crustārum",
"links": [
[
"crustārum",
"crustarum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crustae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crustīs",
"links": [
[
"crustīs",
"crustis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crustam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crustās",
"links": [
[
"crustās",
"crustas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crustā",
"links": [
[
"crustā",
"crusta#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crustīs",
"links": [
[
"crustīs",
"crustis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crusta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "crustae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crusta<1>"
},
"expansion": "crusta f (genitive crustae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crusta<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 36 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the hard surface of a body; rind, shell, crust, bark, scab"
],
"id": "en-crusta-la-noun-LTUGcFXK",
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"surface",
"surface"
],
[
"body",
"body"
],
[
"rind",
"rind"
],
[
"shell",
"shell"
],
[
"crust",
"crust"
],
[
"bark",
"bark"
],
[
"scab",
"scab"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 45 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 36 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 60 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 44 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plaster, mosaic or stucco work on a wall"
],
"id": "en-crusta-la-noun-yQgjfIZq",
"links": [
[
"plaster",
"plaster"
],
[
"mosaic",
"mosaic"
],
[
"stucco",
"stucco"
],
[
"work",
"work"
],
[
"wall",
"wall"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈkrʊs.ta]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkrus.ta]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "crusta"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*krews-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/krews-#Proto-Indo-European:_freeze"
],
[
"*-tós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tós"
],
[
"*krews-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/krews-"
],
[
"hroðr",
"hroðr#Old_Norse"
],
[
"hruse",
"hruse#Old_English"
],
[
"hrosa",
"hrosa#Old_High_German"
],
[
"kruvesis",
"kruvesis#Latvian"
],
[
"κρύος",
"κρύος#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"κρύσταλλος",
"κρύσταλλος#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀-",
"𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀-#Avestan"
],
[
"क्रुड्",
"क्रुड्#Sanskrit"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":der",
"3": "itc-pro:<alt:*krustos><ety:inh<ine-pro:<alt:*krustós><ety:af<ine-pro:*krews-<id:freeze>><ine-pro:*-tós>>>>",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *krews-\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *krustós\nProto-Italic *krustosder.\nLatin crusta\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*krustos\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*krustós\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"freeze\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*krews-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"crusta\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"crusta\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*krustos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *krustos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*krustós",
"t": "hardened"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *krustós (“hardened”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hroðr",
"3": "",
"4": "scurf"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hroðr (“scurf”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hruse",
"3": "",
"4": "earth"
},
"expansion": "Old English hruse (“earth”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "hrosa",
"3": "",
"4": "crust, ice"
},
"expansion": "Old High German hrosa (“crust, ice”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kruvesis",
"3": "",
"4": "frozen mud"
},
"expansion": "Latvian kruvesis (“frozen mud”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κρύος",
"3": "",
"4": "frost, icy cold"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κρύος (krúos, “frost, icy cold”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀-",
"t": "hard"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀- (xruzdra-, “hard”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "क्रुड्",
"3": "",
"4": "thicken, make hard"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit क्रुड् (kruḍ, “thicken, make hard”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *krews-\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *krustós\nProto-Italic *krustosder.\nLatin crusta\nFrom Proto-Italic *krustos, from Proto-Indo-European *krustós (“hardened”), from *krews- (“to form a crust, begin to freeze”), related to Old Norse hroðr (“scurf”), Old English hruse (“earth”), Old High German hrosa (“crust, ice”), Latvian kruvesis (“frozen mud”), Ancient Greek κρύος (krúos, “frost, icy cold”), κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “crystal, ice”), Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀- (xruzdra-, “hard”), Sanskrit क्रुड् (kruḍ, “thicken, make hard”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "crusta n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 36 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "crustum"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nominative/accusative/vocative plural of crustum"
],
"id": "en-crusta-la-noun-7gUPVMtq",
"links": [
[
"crustum",
"crustum#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈkrʊs.ta]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkrus.ta]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "crusta"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"crusta",
"crusta#Latin"
],
[
"crust",
"crust#English"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "crusta",
"4": "",
"5": "shell, crust, inlaid work"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin crusta (“shell, crust, inlaid work”)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "crust"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of crust",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin crusta (“shell, crust, inlaid work”). Doublet of crust.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crustae",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crustae"
},
"expansion": "crusta (plural crustae)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "crusta lactea"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A crust or shell."
],
"links": [
[
"crust",
"crust"
],
[
"shell",
"shell"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A gem engraved, or a plate embossed in low relief, for inlaying a vase or other object."
],
"links": [
[
"gem",
"gem"
],
[
"engrave",
"engrave"
],
[
"plate",
"plate"
],
[
"emboss",
"emboss"
],
[
"inlay",
"inlay"
],
[
"vase",
"vase"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɹʌstə/"
}
],
"word": "crusta"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crustas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "crusta (plural crustas)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"ref": "1862, Jerry Thomas, How to Mix Drinks, Or The Bon-vivant's Companion, Dick & Fitzgerald, page 52:",
"text": "Crusta is made the same as a fancy cocktail, with a little lemon juice and a small lump of ice added.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A cocktail (typically of brandy, orange liqueur, bitters, and lemon juice and peel) distinguished by a sugared crust on the rim of the glass."
],
"links": [
[
"cocktail",
"cocktail"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɹʌstə/"
}
],
"word": "crusta"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with etymology trees",
"Latin entries with etymon",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin noun forms",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *krews- (freeze)",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "crustārius"
},
{
"word": "crustō"
},
{
"word": "crustōsus"
},
{
"word": "crustula"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "crosta"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "croûte"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "crouste"
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"word": "crôte"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "crust"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "crewst"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "crwest"
},
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "crwst"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "cruste"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "crust"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "crewst"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "crwest"
},
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "crwst"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "croste"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "crust"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "crewst"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "crwest"
},
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "crwst"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "crouste"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "crust"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "crewst"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "crwest"
},
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "crwst"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "curst"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "croste"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "croûte"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "crouste"
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"word": "crôte"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "crust"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "crewst"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "crwest"
},
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "crwst"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "cruste"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "crust"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
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},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "crwest"
},
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "crwst"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "croste"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "crust"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "crewst"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "crwest"
},
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "crwst"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "crouste"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "crust"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "crewst"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "crwest"
},
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "crwst"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "curst"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "crust"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "croûte"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "crouste"
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"word": "crôte"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "crust"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "crewst"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "crwest"
},
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "crwst"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "cruste"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "crust"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "crewst"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "crwest"
},
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "crwst"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "croste"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "crust"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "crewst"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "crwest"
},
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "crwst"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "crouste"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "crust"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "crewst"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "crwest"
},
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "crwst"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "curst"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "cruste"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "croûte"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "crouste"
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"word": "crôte"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "crust"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "crewst"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "crwest"
},
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "crwst"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "cruste"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "crust"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "crewst"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "crwest"
},
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "crwst"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "croste"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "crust"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "crewst"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "crwest"
},
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "crwst"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "crouste"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "crust"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "crewst"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "crwest"
},
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "crwst"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "curst"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "crouste"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "croûte"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "crouste"
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"word": "crôte"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "crust"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "crewst"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "crwest"
},
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "crwst"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "cruste"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "crust"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "crewst"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "crwest"
},
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "crwst"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "croste"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "crust"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "crewst"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "crwest"
},
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "crwst"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "crouste"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "crust"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "crewst"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "crwest"
},
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "crwst"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "curst"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "crut"
},
{
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"word": "croste"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "crosta"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "crosta"
},
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "crosta"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "crosta"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"word": "crustă"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"word": "crusta"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "costra"
},
{
"lang": "Venetan",
"lang_code": "vec",
"word": "crosta"
},
{
"lang": "Venetan",
"lang_code": "vec",
"word": "grosta"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "korst"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "corste"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"lang_code": "pdt",
"word": "Kjarscht"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "korste"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Kruste"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "krusta"
},
{
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "kroústa",
"word": "κρούστα"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*krews-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/krews-#Proto-Indo-European:_freeze"
],
[
"*-tós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tós"
],
[
"*krews-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/krews-"
],
[
"hroðr",
"hroðr#Old_Norse"
],
[
"hruse",
"hruse#Old_English"
],
[
"hrosa",
"hrosa#Old_High_German"
],
[
"kruvesis",
"kruvesis#Latvian"
],
[
"κρύος",
"κρύος#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"κρύσταλλος",
"κρύσταλλος#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀-",
"𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀-#Avestan"
],
[
"क्रुड्",
"क्रुड्#Sanskrit"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":der",
"3": "itc-pro:<alt:*krustos><ety:inh<ine-pro:<alt:*krustós><ety:af<ine-pro:*krews-<id:freeze>><ine-pro:*-tós>>>>",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *krews-\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *krustós\nProto-Italic *krustosder.\nLatin crusta\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*krustos\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*krustós\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"freeze\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*krews-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"crusta\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"crusta\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*krustos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *krustos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*krustós",
"t": "hardened"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *krustós (“hardened”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hroðr",
"3": "",
"4": "scurf"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hroðr (“scurf”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hruse",
"3": "",
"4": "earth"
},
"expansion": "Old English hruse (“earth”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "hrosa",
"3": "",
"4": "crust, ice"
},
"expansion": "Old High German hrosa (“crust, ice”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kruvesis",
"3": "",
"4": "frozen mud"
},
"expansion": "Latvian kruvesis (“frozen mud”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κρύος",
"3": "",
"4": "frost, icy cold"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κρύος (krúos, “frost, icy cold”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀-",
"t": "hard"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀- (xruzdra-, “hard”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "क्रुड्",
"3": "",
"4": "thicken, make hard"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit क्रुड् (kruḍ, “thicken, make hard”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *krews-\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *krustós\nProto-Italic *krustosder.\nLatin crusta\nFrom Proto-Italic *krustos, from Proto-Indo-European *krustós (“hardened”), from *krews- (“to form a crust, begin to freeze”), related to Old Norse hroðr (“scurf”), Old English hruse (“earth”), Old High German hrosa (“crust, ice”), Latvian kruvesis (“frozen mud”), Ancient Greek κρύος (krúos, “frost, icy cold”), κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “crystal, ice”), Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀- (xruzdra-, “hard”), Sanskrit क्रुड् (kruḍ, “thicken, make hard”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crustae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "crusta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crustae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crustae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crustārum",
"links": [
[
"crustārum",
"crustarum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crustae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crustīs",
"links": [
[
"crustīs",
"crustis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crustam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crustās",
"links": [
[
"crustās",
"crustas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crustā",
"links": [
[
"crustā",
"crusta#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crustīs",
"links": [
[
"crustīs",
"crustis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crusta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "crustae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crusta<1>"
},
"expansion": "crusta f (genitive crustae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crusta<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"the hard surface of a body; rind, shell, crust, bark, scab"
],
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"surface",
"surface"
],
[
"body",
"body"
],
[
"rind",
"rind"
],
[
"shell",
"shell"
],
[
"crust",
"crust"
],
[
"bark",
"bark"
],
[
"scab",
"scab"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"plaster, mosaic or stucco work on a wall"
],
"links": [
[
"plaster",
"plaster"
],
[
"mosaic",
"mosaic"
],
[
"stucco",
"stucco"
],
[
"work",
"work"
],
[
"wall",
"wall"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈkrʊs.ta]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkrus.ta]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "crusta"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with etymology trees",
"Latin entries with etymon",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin noun forms",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *krews- (freeze)",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*krews-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/krews-#Proto-Indo-European:_freeze"
],
[
"*-tós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tós"
],
[
"*krews-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/krews-"
],
[
"hroðr",
"hroðr#Old_Norse"
],
[
"hruse",
"hruse#Old_English"
],
[
"hrosa",
"hrosa#Old_High_German"
],
[
"kruvesis",
"kruvesis#Latvian"
],
[
"κρύος",
"κρύος#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"κρύσταλλος",
"κρύσταλλος#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀-",
"𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀-#Avestan"
],
[
"क्रुड्",
"क्रुड्#Sanskrit"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":der",
"3": "itc-pro:<alt:*krustos><ety:inh<ine-pro:<alt:*krustós><ety:af<ine-pro:*krews-<id:freeze>><ine-pro:*-tós>>>>",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *krews-\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *krustós\nProto-Italic *krustosder.\nLatin crusta\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*krustos\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*krustós\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"freeze\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*krews-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"crusta\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"crusta\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*krustos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *krustos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*krustós",
"t": "hardened"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *krustós (“hardened”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hroðr",
"3": "",
"4": "scurf"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hroðr (“scurf”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hruse",
"3": "",
"4": "earth"
},
"expansion": "Old English hruse (“earth”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "hrosa",
"3": "",
"4": "crust, ice"
},
"expansion": "Old High German hrosa (“crust, ice”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kruvesis",
"3": "",
"4": "frozen mud"
},
"expansion": "Latvian kruvesis (“frozen mud”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κρύος",
"3": "",
"4": "frost, icy cold"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κρύος (krúos, “frost, icy cold”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀-",
"t": "hard"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀- (xruzdra-, “hard”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "क्रुड्",
"3": "",
"4": "thicken, make hard"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit क्रुड् (kruḍ, “thicken, make hard”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *krews-\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *krustós\nProto-Italic *krustosder.\nLatin crusta\nFrom Proto-Italic *krustos, from Proto-Indo-European *krustós (“hardened”), from *krews- (“to form a crust, begin to freeze”), related to Old Norse hroðr (“scurf”), Old English hruse (“earth”), Old High German hrosa (“crust, ice”), Latvian kruvesis (“frozen mud”), Ancient Greek κρύος (krúos, “frost, icy cold”), κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “crystal, ice”), Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀- (xruzdra-, “hard”), Sanskrit क्रुड् (kruḍ, “thicken, make hard”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "crusta n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "crustum"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nominative/accusative/vocative plural of crustum"
],
"links": [
[
"crustum",
"crustum#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈkrʊs.ta]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkrus.ta]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "crusta"
}
Download raw JSONL data for crusta meaning in All languages combined (24.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.